“Classic irrigation” is a rather broad term that encompasses a variety of traditional irrigation methods, many of which have been practiced for centuries. They typically rely on gravity and manual labor, rather than mechanized systems.

Here are some common examples of classic irrigation methods:

Surface Irrigation

• Flood irrigation: Water is released onto the field and allowed to flow across the land, soaking the soil.
• Furrow irrigation: Water is channeled through furrows between crop rows.
• Border irrigation: Water is directed into enclosed areas and allowed to advance across the field.

Lift Irrigation

• Pumping: Water is lifted from a lower source (like a river or well) to a higher elevation for distribution.
• Ditch and canal systems: These systems transport water from a source to agricultural fields.

Limitations of Classic Irrigation

While these methods are simple and often low-cost, they can be inefficient in terms of water use, labor intensive, and susceptible to waterlogging and erosion.